BIOS 252 Week 2 Case Study; Multiple Sclerosis

Natasha Ngong Chamberlain University College of Nursing BIOS 252: Anatomy and Physiology II Professor Horn July 21, 2024 Scenario/Summary A 30 -year-old female with multiple sclerosis (MS) has come for a routine check-up with her neurologist. Her first signs and symptoms were several years earlier. The symptoms were not concerning as they were only tingling sensations that were mild discomforts. Those feelings also went away. It became worrisome when the sensation transitioned into pain and tingling. She began to lose coordination during each cycle, and over time, she never fully recovered from the previous flare. Deliverables What cellular structure is degenerating and rebuilding in MS? In multiple sclerosis (MS), the myelin sheath is the principal cellular component that degenerates and regenerates. The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that protects and insulates nerve fibers (axons) in the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. Does this explain the progression we see with the signs and symptoms? Explain why. Yes, the destruction and repair of the myelin sheath account for the evolution of MS signs and symptoms. Here's why. Degeneration: When the myelin sheath is destroyed (demyelination), nerve impulses slow or halt. This interruption in nerve communication causes a variety of neurological symptoms, depending on which portion of the CNS is involved. Rebuilding: The body strives to restore damaged myelin (remyelination), but the process is frequently incomplete or defective, resulting in the creation of scar tissue (sclerosis). This scarring may further impair nerve function. When there ar