NR 576 Week 3 SNAPPS Written Assignment Template

used for COPD treatment such as beta-blockers, theophylline, and glucocorticoids increase the risk of A-fib in COPD patients (Sun, Z. et al., 2023). During bioinformatic analysis, it was detected that CDK8 can cure COPD and A-fib by inhibiting NF-KB-induced inflammatory responses (Sun, Z.et al., 2023). Patients who have COPD and A-fib are at high risk for ischemic stroke. The risk of ischemic stroke increases due to embolism and low perfusion. Patients with COPD and other co-morbidities are more at risk for the new onset of A-fib (Liu, C. et al, 2022). It is very challenging to motivate and encourage the patient to change their lifestyle including exercise, eating a balanced diet, and quitting smoking. I am surprised most of the population were former smokers and quit smoking to accept a healthy lifestyle. Another important factor I learned in this case is that the patient developed gynecomastia from spironolactone. One study shows if a patient is drug abused, they assess the patient's medication thoroughly, to find out drug-induced gynecomastia eg spironolactone. This medicine causes hormone imbalance and increases estrogen which causes enlarged breast tissue (Kumar, A., 2022) Sun, Z., Lin, J., Zhang, T., Sun, X., Wang, T., Duan, J., & Yao, K. (2023). Combining bioinformatics and machine learning to identify common mechanisms and biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10, 1121102–1121102. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1121102