BIOS 242 Week 1 Assignment; Golden Age and Macromolecules

Golden Age of Microbiology: Use the given active learning template (ALT) to connect Scientists with their discoveries in 1-2 sentences. (Slide 1; 2.5 points) Carolus Linnaeus: Known as the father of modern taxonomy, Linnaeus established a uniform system for naming organisms, a practice known as binomial nomenclature. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek: Often referred to as the father of microbiology, Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe and describe microorganisms, including bacteria and protozoa. Joseph Lister: Lister is recognized for his pioneering work in antiseptic surgery. He introduced the use of carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments and clean wounds. Ignaz Semmelweis: Semmelweis discovered the importance of hand hygiene in medical settings, significantly reducing the incidence of puerperal fever among women in childbirth. Alexander Fleming: Fleming is best known for his discovery of penicillin, a revolutionary antibiotic that has saved countless lives. Slide 2: Robert Koch Summary of Key Work: Koch is renowned for his groundbreaking work in bacteriology, where he identified the specific causative agents of anthrax, tuberculosis, and cholera. He formulated a set of criteria known as “Koch’s Postulates” to establish a causal relationship between a microbe and a disease the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent. Organisms Studied: Koch studied various bacteria, including Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculosis), and Vibrio cholerae (cholera). Note for students: Macromolecules is a review from prior courses. This topic may or may not be covered in class or online. You may use your textbook or books from prior courses for this ALT. (Slide 4; 2.5 points) Complete the following table by describing the terms in 1-2 sentences with their function and examples. Function and Examples Carbohydrates Function: Carbohydrates are molecules that store and supply your body and brain with energy. Example: Fiber is an example of a carbohydrate. Monosaccharides Function: Monosaccharides are simple sugars, the most common of which is glucose. They serve as energy storage and as the building blocks of more complex sugars. Example: Glucose and fructose are examples of monosaccharides. Disaccharides Function: Disaccharides are carbohydrates found in many foods and are often added as sweeteners. They provide energy when digested. Example: Sucrose (table sugar), maltose, and lactose are examples of disaccharides. Polysaccharides Function: Polysaccharides serve as either structural components or energy storage molecules. Example: Starch and cellulose are examples of polysaccharides. Primary protein structure Description: The primary structure of a protein is the linear sequence of its amino acids. Secondary protein structure Description: The secondary structure describes the three-dimensional folding or coiling of a chain of amino acids. Tertiary protein structure Description: Tertiary structure is the overall shape assumed by the entire molecule, which may contain regions of both sheets and coils. Quaternary protein structure Description: Quaternary structure describes how the subunits fit together to form the larger molecule. Disease due to errors in protein folding Example: Alzheimer’s disease is an example of a disease that occurs due to errors in protein folding. Two types of Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA Role