BIOS 242 Week 7 Assignment; Pathogens Chart-Micro Note

Streptococcal Respiratory Diseases: Pharyngitis Pathogen's name: Streptococcus pyogenes Distinctive characteristics: gram positive streptococcus (coccus in chains), facultative anaerobe Type of pathogen: Bacterial Body system affected: Pharynx (upper respiratory) Virulence factors: Capsule and slime layer, surface antigens of S.pyogenes mimics host proteins Signs and symptoms: tonsils are red and swollen with visible white patches/pus on the back of the throat causing a foul breath. Pathogenesis and epidemiology: transmission of droplets by inhalation when someone coughs Treatment and prevention: Antibiotics; penicillin and cephalexin. Prevention: good hygiene practices. Extra notes: diagnosis and culture by beta-hemolytic on blood agar, sensitive to bacitracin, and rapid antigen tests. Tuberculosis Pathogen's name: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Distinctive characteristics: Long thin acid-fast rod, strictly aerobe Type of pathogen: Bacterial Body system affected: Respiratory. Virulence factors: Mycolic acid and waxes (makes organisms resistant to drying and disinfectants) Signs and symptoms: cough lasting 3 weeks or longer, coughing up blood/sputum, chest pain when breathing or coughing. Pathogen's name: Helicobacter pylori Distinctive characteristics: patient will experience excruciating burning stomach pain due to inner lining of mucosal layer being burned by gastric acid secretion like hydrochloric acid or pepsin. Type of pathogen: Bacterial Body system affected: Digestive (stomach/uppermost portion of small intestine). Virulence factors: urease (catalyze the hydrolysis of urea that forms ammonia and CO2), adhesins (appendages of bacteria), chemotaxis system, flagella. Signs and symptoms: burning stomach pain, bloating, heartburn, nausea, dark stools. Pathogenesis and epidemiology: long term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and other medications like ibuprofen (Advil) and naproxen sodium (Aleve). Treatment and prevention: Antibiotics; tetracycline and metronidazole. Extra notes: H. Pylori causes inflammation of the stomach (gastritis) which causes peptic ulcers. H. pylori causes too much hydrochloric acid to be produced that results in lesions/holes in the mucosa which we term peptic ulcers. The misconception is that peptic ulcers are not caused by stress and spicy foods. Gastroenteritis – E. coli (both 0157 and traveler’s diarrhea) Escherichia Coli 0157 Pathogen's name: E. coli Distinctive characteristics: mesophilic gram (-) bacillus bacteria that has fimbriae, cell wall containing LPS. Type of pathogen: Bacterial Body system affected: Digestive (lining of small intestine) Virulence factors: Shiga toxin produced by Shigella. Distinctive characteristics: associated w/ the disruption of normal healthy bacteria in colon from antibiotics Type of pathogen: Bacterial Body system affected: Digestive (colon) Virulence factors: Enterotoxins A and B (causes necrosis in wall of intestine) Signs and symptoms: frequent watery diarrhea (up to 15X a day), bloody stool w/ mucous, severe stomach pain/ tenderness, colitis, fever, nausea, loss of appetite. Pathogenesis and Epidemiology: Occurs after taking antibiotics and lack of hand hygiene after defecating which can spread to other people. Treatment and prevention: withdrawal of antibiotics and replace w/ fluids, Antibiotics; metronidazole (mild) and vancomycin (severe), fecal transplant. Prevention; practice good hygiene. Extra notes: gram (+) anaerobic bacillus, endospore forming rod found as normal biota in intestine. C. diff spores can live outside of the body and are found on fomites. Candidiasis Pathogen's name: Candida albicans Distinctive characteristics: Dimorphic fungus Type of pathogen: Fungal