NR 224 Week 5 Supplemental Assignment; Urinary Elimination.

Urinary Elimination Normal urine should appear to be a pale straw color that is transparent and free from odor. Darker-colored urine suggests dehydration, potential blood in the urine, possible liver disease, or medication interaction. Urine that is turbid or cloudy suggests infection or possibly renal calculi. Which factors can affect urinary elimination? Hydration status Pelvic muscle tone Body position Age Renal calculi Medications Urgency: An immediate desire to void Polyuria: Voiding excessive amounts of urine Dysuria: Pain or discomfort with voiding Oliguria: Diminished amounts of urine Frequency: Voiding more than 8 times, while awake Nocturia: Awakening from sleep to void Hesitancy: Delay at the start of urination Hematuria: Blood in the urine Urinary incontinence: Involuntary evacuation of urine Urinary retention: Inability to empty the bladder 2765189291112 James is a 90-year-old male client who reports getting up four to five times per night to empty his bladder and struggles to control his bladder long enough to get to the bathroom in time. James is experiencing which urinary patterns? Urgency Nocturia The nurse is assessing a client with urinary incontinence. Which items should be included as part of the nursing assessment? Bladder distention Signs of infection Perineal irritation Fluid intake Classic signs and symptoms of UTI are: dysuria: pain with urination urinary frequency and/or urgency incontinence cloudy urine/odor flank pain fever What discharge instructions should the nurse provide a 20-year-old client being discharged with a urinary tract infection (UTI)? Drink at least 2 liters of water per day. Wipe front to back. Void after sex. Catheters may be used to: relieve urinary retention obtain a sterile urine specimen measure the amount of residual urine in the bladder empty the bladder before and during surgery prepare for certain diagnostic procedures Three types of catheters are used. Indwelling [urethral or suprapubic catheter,] this is inserted into the bladder via the urethra or abdomen. It is anchored by a balloon and drains by gravity to a drainage bag attached to a leg (leg bag) or bed. External [condom catheter,] this is placed outside the body on male clients and has a lower risk than indwelling catheters. In infants and small children, a bag that sticks to the surrounding perineal area can be used in either gender Intermittent [straight catheter.] short term catheter is used to empty the bladder. No anchor is necessary. These catheters are used to quickly empty the bladder, then discontinued. A client is having spinal surgery that is expected to last 4 hours. The catheter, pictured here, will be inserted to drain the bladder. What type of catheter is being used? Indwelling catheter Paul is a 22-year-old male who suffered major abdominal trauma as a result of a motor vehicle accident. He has an ureterostomy which he cares for independently. Which nursing diagnoses could apply to Paul? Risk for impaired skin Risk for disturbed body image A client who was admitted to the hospital for seizures, developed delirium on the fourth day. What type of incontinence would this client likely experience? Functional