NR 326 Week 7 Hippocampus Workout

o Assessment of impairments in adaptive skills (communication, social participation, independent living) o Confirmed onset before age 18 What are our nursing priorities for the patient with IDD? Promote independence and optimal functioning Maintain safety Provide clear, simple communication Support family and caregivers Establish structured routines Coordinate multidisciplinary care and education plans Monitor for comorbid conditions How does autism develop? What are risk factors? Autism Spectrum Disorder develops due to neurobiological and genetic factors affecting brain development. Risk factors: Genetic predisposition Advanced maternal or paternal age In utero exposure to teratogens (e.g., valproate) Low birth weight Family history of ASD How is ASD diagnosed? Behavioral observation Developmental history Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised (ADI-R) Multidisciplinary assessment What medications are available to treat the symptoms of ASD? No cure — meds treat symptoms: Irritability G aggression: Risperidone, aripiprazole Attention issues: Stimulants (methylphenidate) Anxiety: SSRIs Self-injury: Antipsychotics when needed What kind of psychotherapies are beneficial for patients with ASD? Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Social skills training Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Speech therapy Occupational therapy (sensory integration) Parent training programs How is ADHD diagnosed? Symptoms in 2+ settings Onset before age 12 Observation + rating scales (Vanderbilt, Conners) Rule out other causes What medications are available to treat the symptoms of ADHD? Stimulant: Methylphenidate Amphetamines Non-stimulant: Atomoxetine Guanfacine Clonidine What kind of psychotherapies are beneficial for patients with ADHD? CBT Behavior modification Parent management training Organizational skills training School accommodations (IEPs, 504 plans) What are treatment goals for Tourette’s? Reduce frequency/intensity of tics Improve functioning Decrease distress Promote coping strategies What medications can be given to treat Tourette’s? Antipsychotics (haloperidol, risperidone) Alpha-agonists (clonidine, guanfacine) SSRIs (for comorbid OCD/anxiety) What is dyslexia? Difficulty with reading accuracy, fluency, and comprehension. What is dyscalculia? Difficulty with math concepts, calculation, and number sense. What is dysgraphia? Difficulty with written expression and handwriting. How are learning disorders diagnosed? Psychoeducational testing IǪ–achievement discrepancy Academic performance evaluations Teacher/parent reports ODD typically is diagnosed earlier, around ages 6-8, and if left untreated can develop into CONDUCT DISORDER which is more serious and develops later like in late childhood or adolescence. If left untreated, CONDUCT DISORDER can turn into ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER personality disorder as an adult. Characteristics of ODD vs Characteristics of Conduct Disorder ODD Conduct Disorder Angry/irritable mood Aggression toward people/animals Defiant behavior Destruction of property Argus with adults Theft/ deceit Blames others Serious rule violations Tests limits Lack of remorse Not aggressive More severe, criminal behavior What are risk factors for ODD? Harsh or inconsistent parenting Family conflict ADHD Low frustration tolerance What are risk factors for Conduct Disorder? Abuse or neglect Parental criminality Brain injury Peer delinquency Improve impulse control Build empathy Reduce criminal behaviors Improve functioning at home/school What are characteristics of IED-INTERMITTENT EXPLOSIVE DISORDER? Recurrent aggressive outbursts Disproportionate reactions Remorse after episodes Impaired functioning What is separation anxiety? Excessive fear or distress when separated from attachment figures, beyond developmental expectations. Risk factors: Overprotective parenting Family stress Trauma Anxiety disorders in family What happens