NR 547 Week 4 Midterm Study Guide.

generally obtained in a routine clinical interview; helps providers identify symptoms and assess their severity and can assist with the evaluation of response to treatment; healthcare administrators and payors are increasingly requiring standardized assessments to justify the need for services or to assess the quality of care; also used in research that informs the practice of psychiatry; most rating scales also offer the user the advantages of a formal evaluation of the measure’s performance characteristics. This allows the clinician to know to what extent a given scale produces reproducible results (reliability) and how it compares to more definitive or established ways of measuring the same thing (validity). c) Components: - WHO disability Assessment schedule (WHODAS 2.0 ): self-administered; measures disability along cognition, interpersonal relations, work, and social impairments; Can be taken at intervals along the course of a person’s illness; reliable in tracking changes that indicate a positive or negative response to therapeutic interventions or course of illness; recommended for general use. - Structured clinical interview for DSM (SCID): starts with a section on demographic information and clinical background; 7 diagnostic groups: mood, psychotic, substance abuse, anxiety, somatic, eating, and adjustment disorders; available information (hospital records, informants, and patient observation) should be used to rate the SCID; administered by experienced clinicians; formal training in the SCID is required; Reliability data suggests that SCID performs better on more severe disorders (ex. bipolar disorder, alcohol dependence) than on milder ones (ex. dysthymia); validity is limited; used as the gold standard ; considered standard interview to verify the diagnosis in clinical trials; useful to ensure a systematic evaluation in psychiatric patients (ex. on admission to an inpatient unit or at intake into an outpatient clinic); also used in forensic practice to ensure a formal or reproducible examination. - Brief Psychiatric Rating scale (BPRS): short scale measuring the severity of psychiatric symptomatology; assess change in psychotic inpatients and covers thought disturbance, emotional withdrawal and retardation, anxiety and depression, and hostility and suspiciousness; Reliability is good to excellent when raters are experienced but is difficult to achieve without substantial training; Validity is also good; been used extensively for decades as an outcome measure in treatment studies of schizophrenia; given its focus on psychosis and associated symptoms, it is only suitable for patients with fairly significant impairment. - Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): used to remedy perceived deficits in the BPRS in the assessment of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and other psych disorders; requires a clinician because it requires considerable probing and clinical judgment; a semi structured interview guide is available; reliability for each scale is reasonably high with excellent internal consistency and interrater reliability; Validity is good; standard tool for assessing clinical outcome in treatment studies of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; east to administer and sensitive to change with treatment; useful for tracking severity in clinical practice - Scale for the assessment of positive symptoms (SAPS) and scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS) : designed to provide a detailed