NURS 6052 Module 4 Week 7 Assignment; Evidence-Based Project, Part 3, Critical Appraisal of Research

Critical Appraisal of Research Walden University NURS 6052: Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice Student Name Submission Date Full APA formatted citation of selected article. Article #1 Article #2 Article #3 Article #4 Purvis, T. A., Carlin, B., & Driscoll, P. (2017). The definite risks and questionable benefits of liberal pre-hospital spinal immobilisation. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 35(6), 860-866. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2017.01.045 Kwan, I., Bunn, F., & Roberts, I. G. (2001). Spinal immobilisation for trauma patients. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002803 Long, B., Koyfman, A., & Gottlieb, M. (2019). Utility of Spinal Immobilization in Patients With Penetrating Trauma. Academic Emergency Medicine, 27(1), 69-70. doi:10.1111/acem.13852 Velopulos, C. G., Shihab, H. M., Lottenberg, L., Feinman, M., Raja, A., Salomone, J., & Haut, E. R. (2018). Prehospital spine immobilization/spinal motion restriction in penetrating trauma. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 84(5), 736-744. doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000001764 Evidence Level * (I, II, or III) V I III V Conceptual Framework Describe the theoretical basis for the study (If there is not one mentioned in the article, say that here).** Determine whether the available literature on prehospital spinal immobilization (phSI) agrees or disagrees with the 2013 consensus statement Critically appraise the available literature on phSI to determine whether the evidence base is strong enough to warrant further changes to traditional protocol Identify any areas where high quality research is still required Quantify the effect of spinal immobilization vs no spinal immobilization on mortality, neurological injury, spinal stability and adverse effects in trauma patients To quantify the effect of different spinal immobilization strategies on mortality, neurological injury, spinal stability and adverse effects in trauma patients There is limited evidence regarding the ability of spinal immobilization to improe patient outcomes among those with penetrating trauma, and spinal immobilization may increase complications therefore further study is necessary to examine this theory. The conceptual framework consists of reviewing published evidence on the topic of spinal immobilization in order to structure a practice management guideline. Design/Method Describe the design and how the study was carried out (In detail, including inclusion/exclusion criteria). The critical review aims to determine whether the side effects of prehospital spinal immobilization outweigh the potential benefits. Online searches were conducted on a number of databases including Ovid Medline, PubMed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, NHS knowledge Network and Google Scholar. Several related journal searches were also conducted of European Journal of trauma, JAMA, Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, Clinical biomechanics and Spine. The databases and journals were selected based on their propensity for publishing articles related to this study. Inclusion Criteria: English language Human studies Pre-hospital care Emergency services Traumatic spinal injury Exclusion Criteria Non-english Animal studies In hospital care Long term treatment/rehabilitation Nontraumatic spinal injury Databases searched: Conchrane injuries group’s specialized register Conchrane central register of controlled trials Medline Embase CINAHL National research register ZETOC http://www.clincialtrials.govhttp://www.controlled-trials.com/mrct Inclusion: Randomized controlled trials Trauma patients with suspected spinal cord injury Exclusion Participants were healthy volunteers There was not inclusion or exclusion criteria listed in this research study, The design was a