NR 511 Week 1 Exam; CEA Pre-Clinical Diagnostic Exam - Practice Test

8. Which of the following people groups represent the least risk of cardiac disease? Caucasians - Ra琀椀onale: Sta琀椀s琀椀cally African Americans, Na琀椀ve Hawaiians, and American Indians are at at increased risk of cardiac disease due to higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity than Caucasians. 9. A 65-year-old woman presents for a follow-up examina琀椀on. She is a smoker, and her hypertension is now adequately controlled with medica琀椀on. Her mother died at age 40 from a heart a琀琀ack. The fas琀椀ng lipid pro昀椀le shows cholesterol = 240 mg/dL, HDL = 30, and LDL = 200. In addi琀椀on to star琀椀ng therapeu琀椀c lifestyle changes, the nurse prac琀椀琀椀oner should start the pa琀椀ent on: a sta琀椀n drug. - Ra琀椀onale: Bile acid sequestrants and cholesterol absorp琀椀on inhibitors may be useful in reducing ASVD risk, but for a pa琀椀ent who is an ac琀椀ve smoker with premature coronary disease history (less than age 65 for women), has hypertension and is farfrom an LDL goal, this pa琀椀ent is most certainly a candidate for sta琀椀n therapy, which represents the most aggressivetherapy op琀椀on of these four listed. 10. Which of the following end-organ sequelae is not directly caused by uncontrolled hypertension? Peripheral neuropathy - Ra琀椀onale: Although pa琀椀ents with hypertension frequently have peripheral neuropathy, it is only directly a琀琀ributed to pa琀椀ents who are also diabe琀椀c and is commonlyfoundinnon-hypertensivediabe琀椀cpa琀椀ents.Proteinuria,AVnicking, and hemorrhagic stroke are all caused by uncontrolled hypertension. 11. Preven琀椀ve cardiac care should focus primarily on addressing all the following except? Gene琀椀c predisposi琀椀on - Ra琀椀onale:Smokingcessa琀椀on,exerciseandmedica琀椀oncomplianceallrepresentmodi昀椀ableriskfactorsandshouldbethefocusofpreven琀椀vec are.Non-modi昀椀able risk factors such as age, gender,gene琀椀c/family history should not be the primary focus of preven琀椀on. 12. A 33-year-old woman presents with irregular menstrual cycles, hirsu琀椀sm, andobesity.LaboratorytestsrevealelevatedserumtestosteroneandLHra琀椀o>2:1. What is the most appropriate ini琀椀al treatment? Oral contracep琀椀ves - Ra琀椀onale: These are classic symptoms of polycys琀椀c ovarian syndrome, and the pa琀椀ent should be treated with oral contracep琀椀ves to help stabilize their estrogen and progesterone. Addi琀椀onally, they may be managed on me琀昀ormin and/or spironolactone for their PCOS. Oral contracep琀椀ve pills (OCPs) are o昀琀en the 昀椀rst pharmacological treatment for polycys琀椀c ovary syndrome (PCOS) because they help manage in several ways: Menstrual irregulari琀椀es: OCPs can help regulate menstrual cycles, making periods lighter and more regular. This is important because irregular ovula琀椀on can lead to endometrial hyperplasia, which is a buildup of uterine 琀椀ssue that can increase the risk of uterine cancer. Androgen excess: OCPs can reduce androgen produc琀椀on and increase sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), which binds androgens. This can help reduce symptoms like acne, hirsu琀椀sm (unwanted body and facial hair), and androgenic alopecia (male pa琀琀ern baldness). Endometriumprotec琀椀on:OCPscanprotec琀琀heendometriumbyensuringregular ovula琀椀on 13. A 50-year-old woman with hypertension and diabetes comes in for a rou琀椀ne check-up. What screening test should be regularly performed to monitor for early signs of diabe琀椀c nephropathy? Urine dip s琀椀ck for protein - Ra琀椀onale: The most sensi琀椀ve indicator of diabe琀椀c nephropathy would be the evidence of small proteins in the urine (proteinuria) as found on urinalysis. The other op琀椀ons might describe macro-organ func琀椀on (such as BUN/Creat from a BMP, a renal biopsy which is not indicated for rou琀椀ne diabe琀椀c nephropathy tes琀椀ng,andaAbdCT,whichismoreakintoevalua琀椀ono昀氀esssubtle昀椀ndings), but at the func琀椀onal