BIOS 251 Week 5 Exam 2 Catabolism, Cell Structure & Transport Mechanisms

BIOS 251 Week 5 Exam 2 Catabolism, Cell Structure & Transport Mechanisms Practice & Preparation BIOS251 Week 5 Exam 2 Catabolism - chemical reactions takes large molecules and makes them smaller, releasing energy in the process (exothermic) The codon encoding for the first amino acid added during translation is AUG Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes used to digest pathogens and other chemicals the cell is looking to get rid of. In which part of the cell is glucose fully broken down to release energy as ATP – mitochondria. In which double-membraned organelle does DNA replication occur - nucleus Metaphase - phase of mitosis do the chromatids line up in the middle? Define: Anaphase Telophase Metaphase Prophase Interphase What is the resulting product of meiosis - two haploid cells Ribosome - the organelle that is directly involved in protein synthesis. Identify this membranous structure depicted in the image below with the black arrow. 914400100852 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Peripheral Proteins are on the outside of a cell membrane and acts as cell identity markers. The use of a carrier protein to move a chemical, like an amino acid, across a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, in the absence of energy is an example of facilitated diffusion Cells with a high regenerative capacity undergo mitosis at a more frequent rate Endocrine glands are mainly composed of epithelial tissue Skeletal muscle tissue types has alternating dark and light bands and is under conscious (voluntary) control Main tissue type shown 914400130436 Epithelial tissue Nerve cell body - Soma Cells of this tissue type have specialized junctions that allow for the rapid spread of electrical impulses. Cardiac muscle Examples of passive membrane transport: Facilitated diffusion Simple diffusion Osmosis Connective tissue contains the protein fibers collagen, reticular, and elastic. Examples of active transport Phagocytosis Endocytosis Na+/K+ pump Cellular Respiration is the chemical reaction used to convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, ATP, and heat List two functions of the plasma membrane. (5 pts total). A Red Blood Cell (RBC) with a concentration of 2% salt is placed in a 1% salt solution. What would you expect to occur? Water will flow from the 1% salt solution into the RBC causing it to fill with water, swell up, and eventually burst. Exocytosis is the process where vesicles inside the cell fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell Main tissue type shown in the image 914400130328 Connective tissue The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer consisting of two lipophilic(hydrophobic) fatty acid chains attached to a phosphate- containing lipophobic(hydrophilic) head. Epithelial - tissue is dependent on the connective tissue to supply its needs for oxygen and nutrients. Main Tissue Type Epithelial Muscle Subtypes Blood Compact Bone Cardiac Muscle Form a nearly impermeable barrier between two cells that prevents even extracellular fluid from passing through tight junction Helps the cells resist twisting and stretching as well as provides resistance to mechanical stress desmosomes Attaches the cell to