NR 548 Week 2 Exam 1 - PRACTICE QUESTIONS & PMHNP Role Insights

community-based care, which was further spurred by the Civil Rights movement and public awareness of patient neglect within institutions; leading to legislation like the Community Mental Health Act that encouraged the creation of community mental health centers. Shift from Hospitals to Outpatient Care: The history of psychiatric care has shifted from predominantly hospital-based care to outpatient care due to advancements in treatment, the focus on community-based services, and the aim to reduce stigmatization associated with mental health hospitals The shift from hospital-based to outpatient care occurred due to deinstitutionalization policies aimed at integrating individuals with mental illness into communities, advancements in psychotropic medications, and a focus on community-based services. ➢ How mental health diagnoses affect the average life expectancy? What factors are associated with this variation in the average life expectancy? Mental health diagnoses can significantly reduce average life expectancy, primarily due to increased rates of physical health problems like cardiovascular disease, often stemming from poor lifestyle choices, limited access to healthcare, and the stigma associated with mental illness, leading to neglect of physical health needs; people with severe mental illness can have a life expectancy 15-20 years shorter than the general population. Individuals with severe mental illnesses often have a reduced life expectancy due to factors like comorbid physical conditions (e.g., cardiovascular disease), lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking), medication side effects, and inadequate access to healthcare. The 1950s brought a transition towards deinstitutionalization in care for those with mental illnesses, which led to an increase in the number of psychiatric clients receiving care in the community rather than hospitals. The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 allowed for the expansion of the PMHCNS role into community and ambulatory settings as they helped those who had been deinstitutionalized adapt (ANA et al., 2022). ➢ ANA definition of PMHNP role According to the American Nurses Association (ANA), PMHNPs provide comprehensive mental health services including assessment, diagnosis, treatment planning, psychotherapy, crisis intervention, case management, consultation/liaison services with other professionals/agencies. The responsibilities of the PMHNP role are founded on the nursing process and therapeutic relationship and include: educating patients and families; diagnosing, treating, and managing acute illness; providing psychotherapy; prescribing medication for acute and chronic illness; diagnosing, treating, and managing acute ➢ Consensus Model • Intermediate and long-term care may admit clients directly or accept transfers from acute inpatient care. They provide intermediate or long-term care for clients at chronic risk to self or others or unable to function without supervision and support due to mental disorders. They include treatment, habilitation and rehabilitation and may be public, private, or state hospitals operated through the criminal justice system. • Partial hospitalization and intensive outpatient treatment (IOP) provide acute symptom management, intensive treatment, and safe housing for clients who do not require 24-hour medical management or nursing care. These programs can be free standing or step-down facilities. • Residential services provide 24-hour care and housing for an extended period. Services include psychoeducation, vocational rehabilitation, and training for activities of daily living. • Community-based care is