NR 548 Week 2 Exam 1 Study Guide Comprising Week 1, Week 2

6 1954 In 1954, the 昀椀rst graduate program in psychiatric nursing was established at Rutgers University by Hildegarde Peplau to prepare nurse therapists. The 昀椀rst advanced prac琀椀ce nursing role was the psychiatric-mental health clinical nurse specialist (PMHCNS) role. 7 1963 The 1950s brought a transi琀椀on towards deins琀椀tu琀椀onaliza琀椀on in care for those with mental illnesses, which led to an increase in the number of psychiatric clients receiving care in the community rather than hospitals. The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 allowed for the expansion of the PMHCNS role into community and ambulatory se琀��ngs as they helped those who had been deins琀椀tu琀椀onalized adapt (ANA et al., 2022). 8 1965 Lore琀琀a Ford, RN and Henry Silver MD introduce the nurse prac琀椀琀椀oner role. 9 1973 ANA 昀椀rst published Standards of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Prac琀椀ce in 1973. 101980s Over 琀椀me, research turned towards the neurobiological basis for mental illness. With advances in psychotropic medica琀椀ons, psychopharmacology has played an increased role in treatment. In the 1980s, states began to grant prescrip琀椀ve authority to advanced prac琀椀ce registered nurse (APRN), adding medica琀椀on prescribing and management to the tradi琀椀onal therapy role of the psychiatric mental health (PMH) APRN. 112000 , Cer琀椀昀椀ca琀椀on exams for adult and family psychiatric mental health nurse prac琀椀琀椀oners (PMHNPs) were developed. These exams were re琀椀red in 2015 when psychiatric cer琀椀昀椀ca琀椀on exams were combined into a single Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Prac琀椀琀椀oner (Across the Lifespan) Cer琀椀昀椀ca琀椀on (PMHNP-BC). 12Present Current trends in care focus on integrated treatment of those with co- occurring medical and psychiatric diagnoses and co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders, leading to a need to add content in advanced health assessment, pharmacology, pathophysiology, and the diagnosis of psychiatric illness to graduate psychiatric nursing curricula. Primary care has become the point of entry to psychiatric care for many clients. PMHNPs are helping to address the growing need for primary mental health services and mental illness preven琀椀on. Though the number of advanced prac琀椀ce psychiatric nurses has increased, there are s琀椀ll limita琀椀ons in access for many clients, which has led to dispari琀椀es in mental health treatment. ANA De昀椀ni琀椀on of the PMHNP/Clinical Prac琀椀ce Se琀��ngs/PMHNP Prac琀椀ce Focus • Didac琀椀c curriculum content addresses assessment and diagnosis, age-speci昀椀c interven琀椀ons, and mental health needs and issues across the lifespan. It includes the three Ps (pathophysiology, pharmacology, and physical assessment) and PMHNP- speci昀椀c content, including psychotherapeu琀椀c modali琀椀es (the fourth P). • During supervised prac琀椀ce, students provide psychiatric mental health services across the lifespan, including: Clinical experience in diverse se琀��ngs promotes integrated healthcare. A minimum number of clinical hours ensures entry-level competence across the lifespan. Graduates who meet exam criteria register for the PMHNP-BC cer琀椀昀椀ca琀椀on by the ANCC. A昀琀er cer琀椀昀椀ca琀椀on and state creden琀椀aling, graduates can provide psychiatric mental health services across the lifespan. PMHNP scope of prac琀椀ce Educa琀椀on • A master's degree, post-master's cer琀椀昀椀cate, or doctoral degree is required for PMH APRN prac琀椀ce. Clinical Prac琀椀ce Se琀��ngs • Crisis interven琀椀on and psychiatric emergency services occur in a hospital, psychiatric facility or community se琀��ng. These services focus on psychiatric and substance-related emergencies. • Acute inpa琀椀ent care