NR 507 Week 1-3 Edapt; Questions and Materials

EDapt Module Questions NR507 Edapts Week 1 Hives (Urticaria) - Type 1 Allergic Reaction – dermal/skin manifestation. Allergic Contact Dermatitis – Type 4 Allergic Reaction - an example of a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T-cells. When the individual comes in contact with the antigen (e.g. poison ivy), an antigen complex is formed. On subsequent exposure to the antigen, sensitized T-cells activate the inflammatory process that causes the allergic contact dermatitis to appear. Type 2 (Cytotoxic/tissue-specific) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by: IgG or IgM. Which of the following are considered the “first responders” of the innate immune system? Neutrophils appear first in any immune response. Anaphylaxis is a Type 1 Allergic Reaction - Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE and mast cells. An individual who is highly sensitized to the antigen may experience anaphylaxis. Damage occurs with ABO incompatibility because: Complement damages RBC membrane causing cell lysis. Damage from ABO incompatibility occurs because of the effects of complement on the RBC membrane that results in RBC lysis. The diagnosis for an individual who presents to the office with sudden swollen lips and eyes, shortness of breath and throat tightness after a bee sting is: anaphylaxis. The symptoms are consistent with the life-threating condition, anaphylaxis after being exposed. to a bee sting. Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in a patient who presents with urticaria? Eosinophilia. Eosinophils are present in the allergic reaction. Type IV cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by: T-cells. Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions Type Mechanism Example Pathology I. IgE action on mast cells Hay fever Mast cell degranulation results in an inflammatory response II. Tissue-specific destruction or impairment because of: Antibody binding followed by lysis via complement Antibody binding followed by macrophage phagocytosis Antibody binding followed by neutrophil destruction Antibody- dependent cell (NK)-mediated cytotoxicity, or Antireceptor antibodies 1-ABO incompatibility 5-Graves' disease 1-Complement damages RBC membrane and cells lyse 5-Autoantibodies specific for thyroid tissue impair receptor for TSH III. Antigen-Antibody complex deposited in tissues Raynaud’s phenomenon Complex deposited in small peripheral vessels in cool temperatures leading to vasoconstriction and blocked circulation IV. Cytotoxic T cell- mediated Contact dermatitis (e.g., poison ivy) T cells attack tissue directly (no antibody) Edapt Slides Type I: Allergic Reaction On initial encounter with an allergen, the individual will first produce IgE antibodies. Afte r the allergen is cleared, the remaining IgE molecules will be bound by mast cells, baso phils, and eosinophils that contain receptors for the IgE molecules. This process is refer red to as sensitization. On subsequent exposure to the allergen, the IgE molecules locat ed on the sensitized cells induces their immediate degranulation. This causes the releas e of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins that re sults in vasodilation, bronchial smooth muscle contraction, and mucus production. Type I hypersensitivity reactions can be local or systemic. Systemic reactions can result in an aphylaxis, a potentially life threatening condition. Allergic asthma is an example of a Type I hypersensitivity reactio n. On exposure to