NR 507 Week 5 Edapt; Mood Disorders

NR507 Week 5 Edapt Mood Disorders Introduction to Mood Disorders Mood disorders are abnormalities in mood occurring across a spectrum from depression to mania, affecting between 10-20% of the population (Coleman et al., 2020). Mood disorders include depressive disorders and bipolar disorders and may be comorbid with other physical and psychological conditions. Without effective treatment, mood disorders may impact day-to-day living and the ability to relate to others. 993883123006 Depressive symptoms in mood disorders may include persistent feelings of hopelessness and sadness or expressing self-negativity. Individuals with mood disorders often experience persistent and intense fluctuations in mood, ranging from extreme sadness or despair alternating with periods of elevated mood or irritability. In bipolar disorder, individuals who experience episodes of mania or hypomania may be characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, racing thoughts, impulsivity, inflated self- esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, excessive involvement in activities, and risky behaviors such as reckless spending or substance abuse. An isolated breach in decision-making (e.g., cooking supper) is not related to a mood disorder. 944680205582 Clients with unipolar disorder will likely experience high self-esteem during a manic episode. The same symptoms characterize unipolar depression as major depressive disorder (MDD). Bipolar, not unipolar, depression is characterized by extreme agitation and hallucinations. Dopamine is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine, and its synthesis plays a role in neurotransmission. Alterations of dopamine on receptors can affect mood, pleasure, and motivation. Glutamate, not dopamine, affects sleep cycles. Pathophysiology of Mood Disorders Mood disorders involve disturbances in mood that occur across a spectrum from depression to mania. Mood disorders cause distressing symptoms for clients, often impacting daily functioning and disrupting social relationships. The exact pathophysiology of these disorders remains unclear but likely involves a combination of genetic, chemical, and environmental factors. Neurotransmitters modulate communication between neurons in the brain and influence various aspects of mood regulation. Imbalances or dysregulation in neurotransmitter levels, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, are commonly implicated in the development and manifestation of mood disorders. Decreased levels of serotonin have been associated with symptoms of depression, while abnormalities in dopamine and norepinephrine transmission are linked to mood disturbances characteristic of conditions like bipolar disorder. Individuals with family members who have bipolar disorder are also more likely to develop the condition. The interaction between genetic factors, chemicals, and the environment may be contributory. 914400211833 Pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorders Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that causes extreme shifts in emotions, mood, and energy levels. Shifts in mood usually occur over several days to weeks. Although bipolar disorder can be diagnosed at any age, it is most frequently diagnosed in late adolescence or early 20s and is considered a lifelong condition. The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown. Individuals with family members who have bipolar disorder are more likely to develop the condition. The interaction between genetic factors and the environment may be contributory. Brain imaging reveals white matter hyperintensities, reduction in gray matter volume, increased ventricular size, and decreased frontal cortical area volumes in