NR 507 Week 2 Edapt; Cardiovascular and hematology disorders - Practice Questions-Answers

Which of the following best defines stroke volume (SV)? A) The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole B) The amount of blood ejected by the heart in one contraction C) The total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute D) The amount of blood returning to the heart What is the main formula for calculating cardiac output (CO)? A) CO = Heart Rate x Blood Pressure B) CO = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate C) CO = Stroke Volume + Heart Rate D) CO = Preload x Afterload What does heart sound S1 indicate? A) Closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves B) Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves C) Opening of the aortic and pulmonary valves D) Ventricular contraction Which condition is characterized by increased afterload, making the heart work harder to pump blood? A) Ischemia B) Hemorrhage C) Hypertension D) Dehydration A decreased preload due to dehydration would likely result in which of the following? A) Increased stroke volume B) Decreased stroke volume C) Increased cardiac output D) Decreased heart rate What is a potential consequence of decreased contractility in the heart? A) Increased stroke volume B) Decreased cardiac output C) Increased heart rate D) Improved perfusion of tissues ### Questions on Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Atherosclerosis in coronary arteries is primarily characterized by: A) Thrombus formation B) Plaque buildup C) Vasodilation D) Constriction of blood vessels What is considered a non-modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease? A) Hypertension B) Hyperlipidemia C) Age D) Smoking Which of the following describes the sequence of events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis? A) Ischemia → Lipid accumulation → Endothelial injury B) Endothelial injury → Lipid accumulation → Inflammation C) Inflammation → Plaque formation → Stenosis D) All of the above What is a common clinical presentation of a patient with coronary artery disease? A) Increased LDL levels B) Decreased exercise tolerance C) Chest pain and shortness of breath D) All of the above ### Questions on Heart Failure Decreased cardiac output in heart failure may lead to: A) Increased patient energy levels B) Volunteering for physical activity C) Insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues D) Accelerated metabolic rate What is a common cause of increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV)? A) Decreased preload B) Reduced heart rate C) Increased blood volume or inadequate heart ejection D) Increased contractility Which classification stage of heart failure represents end-stage requiring advanced interventions? A) Stage A B) Stage B C) Stage C D) Stage D In which type of heart failure would jugular venous distention (JVD) primarily present? A) Left heart failure B) Right heart failure C) Diastolic heart failure D) Systolic heart failure ### Questions on Heart Valve Disorders Aortic regurgitation results in: A) Increased ejection fraction B) Volume overload of the left ventricle C) Decreased preload D) Mitral valve prolapse Physical exam findings in aortic regurgitation may include: A) Systolic ejection murmur B) Diastolic murmur C) Aortic stenosis murmur D) Continuous murmur Diuretics are used