NR 507 Week 5-6 Edapt Content
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Week 5 GI GERD Pretest: Commonly associated with the loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) Larger volumes of gastric contents generally increase gastric pressure, stimulating peristalsis and promoting a faster rate of gastric emptying. Hypertonic solutions (and hypotonic), having a higher osmotic pressure than the surrounding tissues, tend to delay gastric emptying. Obesity, smoking, and hiatal hernia = risk factors Physiology of GI tract Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus Responsible for breaking down ingested food, nutrient absorption, maintaining body water, eliminating waste Hormones and the autonomic nervous sys. regulate most digestive activities: hormone release, gastric motility, substance for digestion Physiology of Gastric Emptying Depending on volume, osmotic pressure, and chemical composition of gastric contents Longer to digest and break solids and fat == slower rate of emptying Pathophysiology of GERD: backflow of acid or bile, caused by: Lower esophageal sphincter fn: decreased tone allows acid to regurg into the esophagus Esophageal motility: disrupted coordinated contraction causes delayed gastric emptying 4441177238999Delayed gastric emptying: causes esophagitis by extending the period during which reflux can occur and increasing the acid content of chyme. Clinical Manifestations: classic symptom = heartburn (pyrosis) Typical Pyrosis: behind the sternum. HALLMARK Regurgitation: sour or bitter taste Atypical Chronic cough (irritation of the airway): persistent and not always accompanied by heartburn Asthma exacerbation (acid regurg into the airways): triggers or worsens asthma Laryngitis: inflammation of the voiced box Sinusitis: irritation and inflammation of the sinuses Associated symptoms Upper abd pain, especially within one hour of eating Dysphagia: food sticking in the t
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