NR 283 Week 2 Edapt; Understanding Inflammation Dynamics

NR283 PATHO EDAPT WK2 INFLAMMATION What are the signs of acute inflammation? PAIN HEAT REDNESS SWELLING (PRISH: Pain, Redness, Immobility, Swelling, Heat) Which immune chemical mediators contribute to the swelling associated with acute inflammation? Histamine Leukotrienes Prostaglandins Kinins Which item causes chronic inflammation? A: Foreign material that remains in the body Characteristics of Acute Versus Chronic Inflammation Acute Inflammation Chronic Inflammation Cause Pathogens Allergies Injury Persistent acute inflammation Persistent foreign body Autoimmune reaction Onset/Duration Immediate/Several days Delayed/Up to months or years Primary Chemical Mediators Complement system Kinins Leukotrienes Interferon-gamma Cytokinin’s Primary Immune Cells Infection: neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages Allergy: eosinophils, mast cells Monocytes Macrophages Lymphocytes Fibroblasts Lesion Rash Pus Abscess Rash Fibrosis Granuloma Outcomes Resolution Abscess formation Chronic inflammation Tissue destruction Fibrosis Examples Abscess (skin, organ) Allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) Autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid arthritis) Cystic fibrosis Healing by intention occurs when a wound is clean, free of foreign material, and the edges are held close together. A: Primary A client is seen in the emergency clinic after jumping off a ski lift and injuring their ankle. Which steps can the client take to reduce inflammation and pain? Select all that apply. Wrap the ankle Rest the affected area Apply an ice pack Elevate the injured site R-I-C-E is the correct option. Rest the affected area, which will protect the area from additional injury. Ice the ankle to reduce inflammation that is causing swelling or pain. Applying heat will not reduce inflammation and swelling. Compression by wrapping the ankle can reduce the swelling. Elevate the ankle to reduce swelling. Which factor can delay tissue healing from inflammation and injury? A: Advanced age Can delay tissue healing from inflammation and injury due to reduced mitosis. Scar tissue is and tends to over time, which can result in Nonelastic Shrink Complications A 72-year-old is recovering two days after having knee replacement surgery. The incision is going through which type of healing? A: Primary intention A client who has been experiencing stomach pains for the past three months visits the healthcare provider to receive the results of their diagnostic test. The client is informed the test revealed an ulcer with fibrosis, fibroblasts, and macrophages present. The client's treatment plan should address the inflammation pathologic process. A: Chronic On post-op day one following abdominal surgery, a client is experiencing pain, heat, and redness at the incision. Based on these findings, what conclusion can be made about the incision? A: This is a normal inflammatory response. Which characteristics below are expected during an acute or chronic inflammatory episode? Acute Inflammation Chronic Inflammation The immediate response to tissue injury, which lasts from minutes to days. x The repeated destruction and repair of tissue for weeks to years after the initial injury. x Used to describe diseases characterized by long duration and slow progression. x Used to describe diseases characterized by sudden onset with a short, relatively severe x course. Acute inflammation is the immediate response to tissue injury, which lasts from minutes to days, and is used to describe