NR 283 Week 8 eDapt; Mobility

lOMoARcPSD|47892040 NR 283- Edapt Mobility Introduction to Mobility Walking, riding a bicycle, and waving to a friend are common activities for many. What do these things have in common? Each uses the powers of the musculoskeletal system to form purposeful movement. Physical mobility, or movement, is the body’s ability to move freely and easily. The muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems work together to control body movements. Diseases, injuries, or impairments to any of these systems can adversely affect mobility, health, and overall well-being. Actual movement and its interaction with the environment can cause pathology through injury and increased stress to the musculoskeletal system. It is important to understand what types of injuries occur and how the body returns to homeostasis through inflammatory and healing processes. Bone Growth 3123000193432 The epiphysis contains the growth plate, which is active during childhood and adolescence, and is responsible for bone growth. Injuries or fractures to this plate can cause reduced bone growth and maturation, and extremity length changes. Joints Synarthroses, represented by the sutures in the skull, are immovable joints. Amphiarthroses, slightly movable joints, are joints in which the bones are connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage. Examples of this type of joint include the junction of the ribs and sternum and the symphysis pubis. Diarthroses or synovial joints are freely movable joints and are the most common type of joint in the body. Bone Functions Bones provide support for the body and protection, adding stability by acting as a frame for the organs and soft tissue. Bones also produce red and white cells primarily in the middle (bone marrow) of long bones. Bones do not contract and expand. Muscles contract and expand to move bone. Bones do not stabilize joints. Muscles, tendons, and ligaments help to stabilize joints. Skeletal Function Mobility has significant effects on bone. Stress, weight, and movement all contribute to building new bone (osteoblastic activity) and breaking down old bone (osteoclastic activity). This continuous cycle is called remodeling. Remodeling is how bones adapt and strengthen. Changes in the speed and quality of how remodeling occurs can lead to abnormal bone conditions. One example is osteoporosis, a condition in which the bone thins and becomes brittle, leading to fractures (breaks). Mobility or isometric exercises are used to stimulate more remodeling and can reduce or prevent these abnormal bone changes. Mobility with added weight and stress can strengthen bone and reduce the risk of fractures in anyone who experiences an imbalance in osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity. Bone Activity Increases in osteoclastic activity (bone breakdown) and decreased osteoblastic activity (bone rebuilding) will most likely decrease bone thickness and strength. Muscle Skeletal muscle contraction and tone drive mobility, posture, joint stabilization, and body heat. When small amounts of stress are placed on muscle, it adapts by growing in size (strength training). When too much stress is added to muscle, it can tear or rupture, causing loss of function. Cardiac muscle and smooth muscle also contribute to other physiologic functions, including the movement of blood