NR 283 Week 3 Homeostasis and Elimination Worksheet

NR283 Week 3: Homeostasis and Elimination Worksheet Capillary Filtration Hydrostatic Pressure is the (Push / Pull) Force and is driven by blood volumeand blood pressure. It is higher at the (Arteriole / Venule) end of the capillary. It will push fluid from the (intravascular/interstitial) space to the (intravascular/interstitial) space. Osmotic Pressure is the (Push/Pull) force and is driven by solutes. It is higher at the (arteriole / venule) end of the capillary. Decreased osmotic pressure is common in patients with burnsand malnutrition. The cause of edema is a shift of fluid from the (intravascular/interstitial) space to the (intravascular/interstitial) space. Fluid Movement Principles Explain increased capillary permeability. What can trigger increased capillary permeability? Increased capillary permeability allows for substances to travel in and out of the capillaries. Inflammation can trigger increased capillary permeability. Excessive fluid in the interstitial compartment is also known as Edema. Fluid Imbalances Explain why older adults and infants may be at a higher risk for dehydration Older adults often feel less thirsty and have fewer nephrons, which reduces kidney function, increasing the likelihood of dehydration. Infants can't ask for or get fluids on their own, also increasing the likelihood of dehydration. Complete the table below Risk Factor Hypervolemia Hypovolemia Chronic Kidney Disease x Diarrhea x Hemorrhage x Congestive Heart Failure x Excessive diuretics x Vomiting x Excessive use of IV Fluids x Decreased secretion of Antidiuretic hormone x Complete the table below. Each row may have more than one potential option Manifestation Hypervolemia Hypovolemia High blood pressure x Strong, bounding pulses x dizziness x tachypnea x tachycardia x Skin tenting x Sunken eyes x Shortness of breath x Crackles x Describe the common cause of sodium imbalance. Excessive vomiting, diarrhea, and/or sweating Match the following manifestations to the correct electrolyte imbalance. Hypernatremia - Fa. Cardiac arrest and dysrhythmias Hypokalemia - Eb. Seizures and confusion Hyperkalemia - Ac. renal calculi Hypocalcemia - Bd. Tetany Hypercalcemia - Ce. muscle cramping Hypermagnesemia - Df. lethargy Complete the table below. Each row may have more than one potential answer Risk Factor Hyper- volemia Hypo- volemia Hyper- natremia Hypo- natremia Hyper- kalemia Hypo- kalemia Chronic Kidney disease x x Diarrhea x x x Vomiting x x x Diuretic use x Congestive heart failure x Burns x x Acidosis x Increased aldosterone secretion x Chronic alcohol use x x Acid-Base Imbalance To maintain homeostasis the respiratory system controls the level of carbonic acid (CO2) and the renal system control the level of bicarbonate. Interpret the following ABGs and give a potential cause of each. pH 7.1, CO2 58, HCO3 30 - Respiratory acidosis due to an airway obstruction pH 7.52, CO2 44, HCO3 40 Metabolic alkalosis due to vomiting pH 7.33, CO2 40, HCO3 16 Metabolic acidosis due to renal failure pH 7.47, CO2 24, HCO3 20 Respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation Complete the matrix below Etiology Metabolic acidosis Metabolic Alkalosis Respiratory Acidosis Respiratory Alkalosis Diarrhea x Opioid overdose/ hypoventi