NR 283 Week 8 Comprehensive Final Examination - Topics Covered Weeks 5-7

Practice Questions for Patho Final Exam What kind of solution would a nurse give a patient who has very concentrated blood serum? Patient is hypertonic, so do the opposite. Hypo= into tissues hyper= from the tissues into the bloodstream A hypertonic solution so that the fluid moves out of the blood stream and into the tissues A hypotonic solution so that the fluid will move out of the blood stream and into the tissues An isotonic solution so that the fluid volume will increase overall A hypotonic solution so that the fluid will move into the blood and out of the tissues What is the main difference between aldosterone and ADH? Aldosterone causes an increase in water volume due to the reabsorption of salt ADH causes an increase in water volume due to the reabsorption of salt Aldosterone causes an increase in urine output ADH causes a decrease in blood pressure What secretes ADH? The hypothalamus The kidneys The pituitary gland The thymus What secretes aldosterone? The pituitary gland The thymus The adrenal gland The kidneys What is the goal of the RAAS system? To decrease overall blood volume and decrease blood pressure b. To increase overall blood volume and increase blood pressure To give the liver more albumin To increase overall blood volume and decrease blood pressure Which hormone meets with what to create aldosterone? Angiotensin I meets with angiotension II Renin meets with ACE Angiotensin II meets with the adrenal gland which creates ADH Angiotensin II meets with the adrenal gland which creates aldosterone What electrolyte is responsible for most neurological functions? Potassium Magnesium Calcium d. Sodium True or false, sodium is primarily responsible for neurologic function, potassium is primarily responsible for cardiac function, and calcium is primarily responsible for muscular function True false if a patient is in respiratory alkalosis – what is the most likely scenario? They have had chronic renal failure for two years They have been on a ventilator for a week They are anxious about an upcoming surgery and have been hyperventilating for 5 minutes They have had emphysema for 5 years Which compensation is more slow but more efficient? a. Renal b. Respiratory True or false – respiratory compensation only effects CO2 levels a. True b. False A patient who is diagnosed with turner’s syndrome has a short stature, wide nipples, and a webbed neck. This is the patient’s: Allele Phenotype Genotype DNA What chromosome is missing in a patient with down syndrome and what is a main risk factor? 23rd chromosome, a mother who is 19 21st chromosome, a mother who is 16 c. 21st chromosome, a mother who is 38 23rd chromosome, a mother who is 37 what differentiates cancer cells from regular cells? a. Evades apoptosis and mutates quickly Ignores growth restrictions and has limited angiogenesis capabilities Invades tissues quickly and mutates slowly Decreased replication and increased angiogenesis What is a normal range for erythrocytes a. 100,000-500,000 4-6 million 10-20 million d. 20,000-50,000 a nurse understands that preload is: