NR 283 Week 7 Pathophysiology Clinical Judgment Exam (CJE) Open Check Exam Relearning Assignment

Pathophysiology Clinical Judgment Exam (CJE) Open Check Exam Relearning Assignment Mareana Yonan Chamberlain University College of Nursing Pathophysiology Christa Saldaris June 22, 2024 Introduction Eczema, also referred to as Atopic Dermatitis (AD) by some, even though AD is a type of Eczema, is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the integumentary system. Eczema is characterized by skin lesions frequently accompanied by dry skin, bumpiness, and itching/pruritus. The function of the skin's barrier, which helps the skin maintain moisture and shields the body from the environment, is weakened by this disorder (Professional, n.d.). Science and research have been able to prove that Eczema is not a fatal condition. Despite that proof, Eczema has been demonstrated to have a lot of side effects that have impacted mental health, sleeping patterns, and quality of life. Youths, people living in cities, adolescents, and individuals in low-income populations are more likely to be affected by Eczema. Furthermore, individuals with food and asthma allergies are more susceptible to developing conditions. Eczema comes in several forms. The specific triggers associated with each type might impact the barrier function of your skin. The types of eczema include; Atopic dermatitis, Neurodermatitis, Seborrheic dermatitis Contact dermatitis, Dyshidrotic eczema, and Nummular eczema (Professional, n.d). Etiology and risk factors Eczema can be caused by several factors among them; microorganisms that the skin is exposed to or in contact with, food allergies, environmental factors, and gene mutations. Even though eczema symptoms are mostly seen in childhood, anyone at any age can still be affected. There are several factors that are known to exacerbate eczema and among them are; children from age six, genetics of family history, living in a densely populated city, staying in cold places, and females are also at a high risk of contracting the disease. Early infancy is known to be the start of eczema, which continues until adulthood. Individuals affected with hay fever, asthma, family history of Dermatitis, and Allergies are more prone to exhibit signs of eczema (Professional, n.d). Pathophysiological Process According to Wahn, (2019), there has been an increased risk of Eczema and “atopic march” due to increased levels of immunoglobulin E levels. Atopic March’ describes the natural course of atopic manifestations, which are marked by a typical sequence of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody responses and clinical symptoms that can develop early in life, last for years or decades, and frequently go away on their own as people age (Wahn, 2019)”. Research has shown that immunoglobulin is the cause of an allergic response called IgE and it has been discovered that a lot of children with Eczema have high levels of this antibody. The atopic march is also associated with asthma and atopic rhinitis. Although anti-IgE medications have been demonstrated to lessen immunoreactivity to IgE, the body is unable to compensate for sensitivity to IgE. Clinical Manifestations The earliest clinical manifestation in the majority of eczema cases is Atopic dermatitis. It occurs in the early years of infancy (which has recorded maximum incidences) and the majority cases