NR 283 Week 8 Comprehensive Final Exam Practice Questions Week 1 - 7

Practice Questions NR283 Practice Questions NR283 Week 1 A cellular function that occurs in all cell types is: Secretion Movement Reproduction Metabolic absorption 3 Correct Answer: D Metabolic absorption is done by all cells. All cells can take in and use nutrients and other substances. Movement is performed by muscle cells. Not all cells can perform this function. Secretion is performed by certain cells, such as mucous gland cells. Not all cells can perform this function. Reproduction, or continuous division, is not a function all cells can perform. Active mediated transport involves: No expenditure of energy A receptor with a high degree of specificity Moving molecules down a concentration gradient The mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes 4 Correct Answer: B Active mediated transport involves integral proteins with receptors that are highly specific for the substance being transported. Passive mediated transport move solute molecules without expending metabolic energy. Active transport expends energy. Osmosis moves water down a concentration gradient. Active transport moves molecules against or up the concentration gradient. Filtration is the movement of water and solutes through a membrane because of a greater pushing pressure on one side of the molecule than on the other side. The function of cellular energy metabolism and generation of most of the cell’s adenosine triphosphate (ATP) occurs in the: Nucleus Lysosomes Mitochondria Golgi complex 5 Correct Answer: C Mitochondria contain the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism. The enzymes of the respiratory chain (electron-transport chain), found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, generate most of the cell's ATP. The nucleus is the largest membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief functions of the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic information. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. The Golgi complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles. Which of the following is the most common cause of cellular injury? Hypoxia Chemical injury from drugs Free radical-induced injury Chemical injury from pollutants 6 Correct Answer: A Hypoxia is caused by decreased oxygen in the environment, decreased hemoglobin, decreased red blood cells, or cardiovascular collapse and is the most common cause of cellular injury. Chemical injuries and free radicalinduced injury are other types of cell injury but are not the most common. Which type of necrosis best describes death of a cell from hypoxia, generally as a result of ischemia in the lower extremities? Fat Coagulative Liquefactive Gangrenous 7 Correct Answer: D Gangrenous necrosis typically occurs in lower extremities when blood vessels are blocked and ischemia occurs. Hypoxia then ensues and bacteria invade. Coagulative necrosis occurs primarily in the kidneys, heart, and adrenal glands and is caused by protein degradation. Liquefactive necrosis results from ischemic injury to the neurons and glial cells. Fat necrosis occurs in the breast, pancreas, and other abdominal structures and is caused by the cellular dissolution of enzymes called lipases. Which statement is TRUE with regard to cellular change due