NURS 6501 Week 11 Final Exam Review

lOMoARcPSD|1709022 Partial seizures (unilateral) were previously termed jacksonian or psychomotor seizures. They are now classi昀椀ed as simple, complex, or secondary. Simple are without impairment of consciousness, but have somatosensory, autonomic, psychic symptoms. Complex seizures have impaired consciousness with or without automa琀椀sm. Secondary seizures evolve into generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Generalized seizures (bilateral) were earlier termed pe琀椀t-mal or grand mal. They are now classi昀椀ed as absence, mycoclonic, clonic, or tonic-clonic. An aura is a sensa琀椀on, such as a light, a taste, warmth, or a sound, that precedes a generalized seizure. A prodroma is a set of early manifesta琀椀ons, such as malaise or headache, that may precede the onset of a seizure. Spinal cord injuries- Spinal cord injuries occur most o昀琀en as a result of vertebral injuries. Trauma琀椀c forces injure the vertebral or neural 琀椀ssues by compressing the 琀椀ssue, pulling or exer琀椀ng trac琀椀on on the 琀椀ssue, or shearing 琀椀ssues so that they slide into one another Ankylosing spondyli琀椀s- . is characterized by s琀椀昀昀ening or fusion of the spine is a chronic, in昀氀ammatory joint disease characterized by s琀椀昀昀ening and fusion or ankylosis of the spine and sacroiliac joints. common symptoms of early ankylosing spondyli琀椀s are low back pain and stiffness Autonomic hyperre昀氀exia- Autonomic hyperre昀氀exia (dysre昀氀exia) is a syndrome of sudden massive re昀氀ex sympathe琀椀c discharge associated with spinal cord injury at level T5-T6 or above and can cause life-threatening hypertension. Duchenne Muscular dystrophy- The most common and severe of all X-linked recessive disorders is Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which a昀昀ects males. This disorder is characterized by progressive muscle degenera琀椀on; individuals are usually unable to walk by age 10 or 12. The disease also a昀昀ects the heart and respiratory muscles, and death due to respiratory or cardiac failure may occur before age 20 years. These cases result from an absence of dystrophin, without which the muscle cell cannot survive, and muscle deteriora琀椀on follows. Pathological fractures- A broken bone caused by disease, o昀琀en by the spread of cancer to the bone. More than 80% of pathologic fractures occur in pa琀椀ents with breast (50%), kidney, lung, or thyroid cancer. Approximately 10% to 30% of pathologic fractures that occur in long bones where a metasta琀椀c lesion is present require surgical interven琀椀on In昀氀ammatory joint disease - Nonin昀氀ammatory joint disease is di昀昀eren琀椀ated from in昀氀ammatory joint disease by the absence of synovial membrane in昀氀amma琀椀on, the absence of systemic signs and symptoms, and the presence of normal synovial 昀氀uid lOMoARcPSD|1709022 Myelin - A myelin sheath around selected axons forms an insula琀椀on that allows quicker nerve impulse conduc琀椀on, referred to as saltatory conduc琀椀on. Changes with age CVA- . Cerebrovascular disease causes (a) ischemia with or without infarc琀椀on and (b) hemorrhage. The common clinical manifesta琀椀on is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke syndrome. Hypertension is the greatest risk factor followed by other preventable risks • CVAs are classi昀椀ed according to the pathophysiology and include ischemic (thrombo琀椀c, embolic, and hypoperfusion), lacunar (small vessel disease), and hemorrhagic strokes. • An ischemic stroke occurs when blood clots or other par琀椀cles block the blood vessels to the brain. Fa琀琀y deposits