NURS 6501 Week 6 (Module 4) Midterm

4. Which organelle within a plasma cell is primarily responsible for the synthesis of immunoglobulins? Group of answer choices Peroxisome Mitochondria Rough endoplasmic reticulum Lysosome 5. Which of the following is a hallmark of metabolic acidosis commonly seen in Type 1 diabetes? Group of answer choices High concentration of red blood cells Decreased levels of urea and creatinine The presence of ketone bodies in the urine and blood Elevated levels of sodium in the bloodstream 6. Which of the following is the underlying cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus? Group of answer choices Excessive production of insulin by the pancreas Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells Sudden onset of hyperglycemia in childhood Resistance to insulin 7. During an assessment of coronary artery disease severity using cardiac catheterization, a patient is found to have a significant stenosis in the proximal left anterior descending artery. At what percentage of luminal narrowing is the stenosis typically considered to be critical? Group of answer choices 80% luminal stenosis 50% luminal stenosis Increased urine output Reduction in blood glucose levels Decreased blood pressure Activation of vasoactive mediators and cytokines 12. Which of the following statements accurately describes the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD)? Group of answer choices The progression of chronic kidney disease is only minimally related to blood pressure control and does not typically involve any shared pathological pathways. Irrespective of the initial cause or disease, the final common pathway leading to progressive CKD involves a shared mechanism. Chronic kidney disease primarily results from a single, specific cause that is consistent across all patients. Dietary factors are the main determinants in the progression and severity of chronic kidney disease. 13. Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) produced? Group of answer choices Posterior pituitary gland Anterior pituitary gland Adrenal gland The midportion of the pituitary gland 14. A middle-aged adult patient with a history of recurrent respiratory infections presents with chronic cough, excessive sputum production, and hemoptysis. Physical examination reveals coarse crackles on auscultation, and a chest CT scan shows dilated bronchi with thickened walls and mucous plugging. Which of the following best describes the likely diagnosis? Group of answer choices Pneumothorax 18. A middle-aged female patient with a history of systemic sclerosis presents to her cardiologist’s office with complaints of increasing fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort during physical activity. The physician suspects pulmonary hypertension and needs to accurately measure the pulmonary arterial pressure. What is the most appropriate diagnostic method for assessing pulmonary arterial pressure in this patient? Group of answer choices Right heart catheterization Pulmonary function tests Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Echocardiography 19. The mucosal damage observed in celiac disease is primarily the result of: Group of answer choices IgE-mediated allergic reaction to gluten Direct toxicity of gluten peptides to enterocytes Cell-mediated immune response to deamidated gliadin peptides Complement system activation secondary to gluten deposition 20. In immune checkpoint myocarditis, a rare but serious complication of cancer immunotherapy, the use of drugs that inhibit CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways can lead to