NURS 6501 Week 4 Practice Quiz

Group of answer choices Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and left atrial dilation Decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and right atrial dilation Increased pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular strain Decreased pulmonary artery pressure and left ventricular strain An older adult patient presents with a 10-year history of chronic cough and sputum production, particularly in the mornings. She has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 45 years but quit last year. Spirometry indicates a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.65. Which of the following pathophysiological processes is most directly responsible for the excessive mucus production observed in this condition? Group of answer choices Accumulation of inflammatory cells in the alveoli Hyperplasia of the mucus-secreting glands in the bronchioles Decreased cilia function in the bronchi Thickening of the arterial walls in the pulmonary circulation An older adult woman with chronic bronchitis presents for a routine check-up. Laboratory tests reveal an increased hematocrit. Which of the following best describes the cause of this laboratory abnormality? Primary polycythemia vera is typically caused by increased production of erythropoietin in response to chronic hypoxemia. Secondary polycythemia is due to a mutation in the JAK2 gene, leading to increased red blood cell production. Chronic bronchitis often leads to secondary polycythemia due to erythropoietin production in response to chronic hypoxemia. Chronic bronchitis is a primary cause of polycythemia vera due to inherent mutations in red blood cell production. A young adult woman develops episodes of shortness of breath and bilateral expiratory wheezing whenever she is around cats. Which of the following pathophysiological changes is most consistent with her presentation? Group of answer choices Alveolar destruction leading to large air spaces and decreased surface area for gas exchange Loss of elastic recoil in the lungs leading to airway collapse Thickening of the interstitial space causing restricted lung expansion Chronic bronchial inflammation causing bronchospasm and mucus production Within which of the following airway structures does the transition point between conducting and respiratory zones occur? Group of answer choices Trachea An adult patient presents with persistent productive cough, dyspnea, and frequent respiratory infections. A high-resolution CT scan reveals dilated and thick-walled bronchi. Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis underlying these changes? Group of answer choices A gradual decline in surfactant production resulting in airway collapse Consistent overproduction of mucus without associated inflammation Repeated episodes of acute bronchospasms leading to structural changes Chronic inflammation and infection leading to destruction of the bronchial walls