NURS 6501 Week 3 Assignment; MindMap - Cardiovascular Disorder - Hypertension

Concept Map Template Primary Diagnosis: Hypertension 1. Describe the pathophysiology of the primary diagnosis in your own words. What is the patient’s risk factors for this diagnosis? Pathophysiology of Primary Diagnosis Hypertension (HTN) is the persistent elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure. Patients with hypertension have a Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) of ≥140mmHg and a Diastolic Pressure (DBP) of ≥ 90 mmHg. The pathophysiology of hypertension involves an increase in blood resistance as it flows through constricted peripheral arteries leading to high blood pressure (Hall et al., 2023). Additionally, imbalance in the regulation of salt and water by the kidneys causes volume expansion leading to high blood pressure. The imbalance in the regulation of electrolytes such as sodium activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). This causes an increase in the levels of angiotensin II, a potential vasoconstrictor, releasing aldosterone. The releasee of aldosterone results in the retention of water and sodium increasing volume and blood pressure. Another pathophysiologic mechanism in the development of HTN is the activation of sympathetic nervous system leading to increased peripheral resistance and vasoconstriction (Maron et al., 2021). This results in subsequent increase in cardiac output and afterload, elevating blood pressure. Causes Risk Factors (genetic/ethnic/physical) Stress Advanced age (Above 65 years) Excessive alcohol consumption and Gender: HTN is more commonly smoking diagnosed in men than women (Maron Medical conditions such as obesity, et al., 2021). Risk in women increases Dizziness failure, and peripheral artery disease Headache (PAD)are also common complications Shortness of breath involving the heart and blood vessels Confusion (Hall et al., 2023). Visual disturbances Visual system (Eyes): Retinal damage Fatigue and visual loss Flushing face Kidneys: Nephrosclerosis and kidney Nose bleeds failure are complications of HTN Dyspnea (Law et al., 2023). Metabolic syndrome due to retention of fluid and electrolytes. Brain: Common complications include cerebrovascular disease and cerebral aneurysm that are life threatening (Hall et al., 2023). 3. What are other potential diagnosis that present in a similar way to this diagnosis (differentials)? 5. What treatment options would you consider? Include possible referrals and medications. ECG Medica琀椀ons Self-care management techniques such as regular blood pressure monitoring and Renal Artery Stenosis Chronic Kidney Disease PrPhyimasircya ol ra sseEssessmn琀椀aentl H oypef rirskte fnsiacoton rs Seacnd ondaprersey n琀椀ng tests. Regular checkups with the family physician on a regular basis for e昀昀ec琀椀ve BP Complete blood count Angiography (CTA) Pheochromocytoma Hsyypemrptteonsims oen sseHynpe琀椀artl hyin rdioiadigsmnosis of Primary HTN (High Diure琀椀cs such as Furosemide (Lasix), Hydrochlothiazide (HCTZ) promote control and monitoring. CT or MRI to assess for renal artery stenosis Liver Func琀椀on BP of unknown origin but contribu琀椀ng factors are the excre琀椀on of water and sodium Follow up monthly visits and referral to cardiologist for further evalua琀椀on and Tests (LFTs) present) Direct vasodilators such as hydralazine and nitroprusside relax smooth management. Blood pressure measurements are diagnos琀椀c of HTN. Call 911 immediately in case of emergencies muscles and reduce arterial resistance lowering BP. Angiotensin II inhibitors (ARBs) reduce aldosterone secre琀椀on, thus, Pre hypertension; BP of 120/80 -139/89 mmHg Stage vasodila琀椀on of arteries