NURS 6501 Week 4 Quiz

Accumulation of inflammatory cells in the alveoli Thickening of the arterial walls in the pulmonary circulation Hyperplasia of the mucus-secreting glands in the bronchioles Question 31 pts A patient with silicosis undergoes spirometry, which shows a restrictive pattern. Which pathophysiological mechanism primarily contributes to their symptoms? Group of answer choices Destruction of alveolar walls Excessive mucus production Hyperreactivity of the airways Thickening of the interstitial space An adult patient is admitted to the ICU with severe pancreatitis. During the hospital stay, they develop sudden-onset severe dyspnea and hypoxemia requiring mechanical ventilation. Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates are seen on chest X-ray, and lab results show a decreased PaO2/FiO2 ratio. An echocardiogram is not indicative of heart failure. Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism behind refractory hypoxemia seen in this condition? Group of answer choices Decreased cardiac output Right-to-left cardiac shunt Mismatch of ventilation and perfusion (V/Q mismatch) Central nervous system depression Question 51 pts An older adult woman with chronic bronchitis presents for a routine check-up Group of answer choices Secondary polycythemia is due to a mutation in the JAK2 gene, leading to increased red blood cell production. Chronic bronchitis is a primary cause of polycythemia vera due to inherent mutations in red blood cell production. Primary polycythemia vera is typically caused by increased production of erythropoietin in response to chronic hypoxemia. Chronic bronchitis often leads to secondary polycythemia due to erythropoietin production in response to chronic hypoxemia. Question 61 pts During a sleep study, an older adult woman with a history of stroke exhibits periodic cessation of both airflow and respiratory effort while sleeping. This patient’s clinical presentation is most indicative of: Group of answer choices Central sleep apnea Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Obstructive sleep apnea Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Question 71 pts A patient with ARDS is on mechanical ventilation but continues to have poor oxygenation. Which of the following explains why increasing the oxygen concentration might fail to improve the patient's PaO2? Group of answer choices Hyperinflation of the lungs preventing adequate gas exchange Excessive airway secretions blocking oxygen delivery Pulmonary shunting and alveolar collapse despite ventilation Airway obstruction caused by mucus plugs Increased bronchial constriction and airway reactivity Increased lung compliance and ease of lung expansion