NURS 6501 Week 7 Assignment; MindMap - Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

Signs and Symptoms – Common presentation How does the diagnosis impact each body system? Complications? One of the most common symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis can make it difficult to myasthenia gravis is ptosis, which is a perform daily tasks such as eating, speaking, drooping of the upper eyelid that can interfere and breathing, leading to weight loss and with vision (U.S. Department of Health and malnutrition. (Mayo Foundation for Medical Human Services, n.d.). Another common Education and Research, 2023). symptom is diplopia, or double vision, which can also cause vision problems. Dysphagia, or Cardiovascular involvement in myasthenia difficulty swallowing, can cause choking or gravis has been known to include aspiration, which can be life-threatening. cardiomyopathy, heart failure, cardiac Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, can also arrhythmias, and coronary valvular disease. occur, particularly when the muscles that control breathing are affected (Johns Hopkins Patients can also be at an increased risk of Medicine, 2023). developing psychiatric disorders, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis, and often show abnormalities in their EEG and evoked responses. In particular, they may experience a range of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms, including depression, anxiety, irritability, and memory loss. Furthermore, Myasthenia gravis can also impact the respiratory system, leading to respiratory muscle weakness, abnormal breathing patterns, and blunted ventilatory responses. This can cause difficulty in breathing, shortness of breath, and fatigue, especially during physical activity or stress (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2023). One of the most serious breathing complications of myasthenia gravis is a myasthenic crisis, which can occur when the muscles responsible for breathing become too weak to function properly (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2023). This can lead to life-threatening respiratory failure. In addition to the risk of myasthenic crisis, these people are also at higher risk for developing other autoimmune disorders such as lupus, thyrotoxicosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. These conditions can cause a range Bird, S. J. (2022, September 7). Differential diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/differential-diagnosis-of-myasthenia-gravis Dresser, L., Wlodarski, R., Rezania, K., & Soliven, B. (2021). Myasthenia gravis: Epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(11), 2235. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112235 Harrison, P., Barton, J., & Winkel, A. (2023). Chronic mimics of myasthenia gravis: A retrospective case series. Neuromuscular Disorders, 33(3), 250–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2023.01.006 Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2023, February 24). Myasthenia Gravis. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/myasthenia- gravis#:~:text=Myasthenia%20gravis%20(MG)%20is%20a,%2C%20mouth%2C %20throat%20and%20limbs. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2023, June 22). Myasthenia Gravis. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myasthenia-gravis/symptoms-causes/syc- 20352036 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Myasthenia Gravis. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/myasthenia-gravis